电磁流量计产生流体噪声的原因

发布时间:2018-01-18 点击:3776次 发布人:admin

电磁流量计在应用中除了受周围环境条件,电磁场、静电场等因素产生的噪声影响外,被测介质的流体噪声也是非常重要的影响因素。流体噪声是一种直流极化电压,在低频矩形波励磁方式中尤为突出,常有:浆液噪声、流动噪声和高端流速噪声。

电磁流量计流体噪声的产生原因有下面几种情况:

1、不锈钢电极的耐腐蚀是在其表面具有一个极薄的钝化层,使得电化学反应达到平衡状态。如图1 所示,流体中的固体物撞击电极,使得电极表面钝化层被破坏,失掉电化学平衡。而金属材料与流体介质接触具有重新恢复生成表面钝化层保持电化学平衡的能力。在达到电化学平衡期间,金属和流体中的游离离子在信号电场作用下不断进行着电化学反应。固体颗粒撞击电极,不断破坏保护的钝化层;电化学反应又反复生成钝化层,于是形成了电极间的电位不断大幅度地变化,这种变化的电位造成流量信号中的流体噪声。这种情况也即电磁流量计中通常讲的浆液噪声。理论和实践表明,影响电化学反应信号电场变化的频率升高,可使流体噪声幅度迅速下降,这就是高频励磁和双频励磁可以解决浆液测量的原因。

2、流体摩擦衬里和电极,流体中发生的正、负离子从电解质流体中分离。衬里和电极表面越粗糙,游离的离子浓度就越高。见图2,受电极信号电场的作用,一部分离子会向电极移动,形成噪声电压,这种噪声被称为流动噪声。流动噪声在低电导率测量时表现比较突出。流动噪声与外电场强度有关,高流速时感应信号越大,噪声幅度也越大,输出就会很不稳定。

3、流体电导率和pH 值的急剧变化也会形成流动噪声,流量计上游加药表现的测量不稳定就是典型例子。原因是不同介质在不均匀混合时,流体中容易分离出正、负离子,受电极信号电场的作用,一部分离子会向电极移动,形成了流动噪声电压,造成输出的不稳定。

4、由于高流速流动流体靠近衬里和电极部位的层流边界层厚度变得很薄,如图3 所示,衬里和电极的粗糙度高度突破了流速层流边界层的厚度,流体撞击这部分粗糙度高度,发生流速发散和突变。有一部分与测量管中心轴方向相同(或相反)的流速分量,受信号权重函数的作用,对电极信号产生了很大影响,形成了大的正误差,这就是高端流速噪声。

可见,上述流体噪声中的流动噪声和高端流速噪声与测量管的衬里和电极表面粗糙度直接有关,极化电压产生的浆液噪声与电极表面粗糙度也有很大关系。客户在使用过程中只有从本质上降低电磁流量计流体噪声产生的几率和幅度,才能提高流量计测量的灵敏度和稳定性。 

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